By Richard B. Gunderman
The invention of the x-ray in 1895 proved to be the most transformative breakthroughs within the background of technological know-how. It ushered in a brand new period in drugs, permitting physicians and sufferers to see contained in the residing human physique, with no using a scalpel, to evaluate wellbeing and fitness and diagnose illnesses. The x-ray spread out the realm of the very small, permitting us to figure out the constitution of the molecules of which we're made. It additionally published the real nature of the biggest and oldest gadgets within the universe, together with the universe itself. this day it has spawned impressive new imaging ideas, together with ultrasound, CT scanning, MR imaging, and nuclear drugs, that have spread out striking new home windows at the constitution and serve as of the human physique. This ebook recounts the tales of the amazing physicians and scientists who constructed those new imaging applied sciences. It tells the tales of genuine sufferers whose lives were touched, remodeled, and in lots of situations stored by means of scientific imaging. And it shines new mild at the superb methods x-rays have reworked our view of ourselves and the area we inhabit. Richly illustrated with either old pictures and imaging stories of actual sufferers, X-ray imaginative and prescient is a banquet for the eyes in addition to the brain.
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Extra info for X-Ray Vision: The Evolution of Medical Imaging and Its Human Significance
Sample text
Hence, assessing the increase in cancer risk from medical radiation is difficult, and it is practically impossible to say for certain that such exposures lead to increased rates of cancer. We do know that many groups of people exposed to chronically elevated environmental levels of ionizing radiation do not appear to experience higher rates of cancer, nor do they die sooner than those exposed to normal or low levels. For example, people living in some areas of northern Iran have exposures that are nearly 100 times those of people living in the United States, but their rates of cancer and premature mortality are not increased.
For the first time, physicians could peer beneath the surface of the body without cutting it open. Prior to x-rays, physicians who suspected pneumonia could only listen to the chest with a stethoscope. If a bone was thought to have fractured, the physician needed to palpate the affected limb by hand to see if it was displaced or moved abnormally, A New Kind of Light 19 Figure 2-4 a painful procedure for the patient (Figure 2-4). With x-rays, physicians could visualize the lungs and bones directly.
By contrast, once a lymphoma has spread throughout the body, it cannot be cured by radiation, because the doses of radiation that would need to be delivered to the whole body would prove too toxic to normal cells. A New Kind of Light 33 One challenge in radiation therapy is to deliver lethal doses of radiation to a tumor without delivering an equally high dose to surrounding normal cells. Suppose there is a malignant tumor deep within the brain. Fortunately, the normal cells of the brain are among the most resistant to radiation-induced damage of any in the body.