By Ya. Kh. Turakulov, A. I. Gagel’gans, N. S. Salakhova, A. K. Mirakhmedov, L. M. Gol’ber, V. I. Kandror, G. A. Gaidina (auth.), Ya. Kh. Turakulov (eds.)
Western wisdom of growth in biomedical study in Russia is critically constrained by way of the shortage of Russian journals to be had to us in addition to the truth that few folks can learn Russian. accordingly, it really is of certain importance that this contemporary contribution to the Russian clinical literature has been trans lated into English. This ebook, Thyroid Hormones, brings to us an in depth research of modern paintings in Russia, and specifically within the Laboratory of Hormone Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of technology of the Uzbek SSR and the Laboratory of Pathological body structure, Institute of Experi psychological Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry, Academy clinical of technology of the USSR. The evaluate illustrates the parallel pathways of inves tigation taken via investigators in Russia and within the West, indicating the place the consequences have complemented one another or inspired new questions and ways. accordingly, the booklet presents an outstanding evaluation of the contributions made by way of Russian scientists in thyroid examine and it with Western idea on those topics to provide an entire assessment of the thyroid hormones. the massive volume of knowledge supplied and the inclusion of a number of view issues towards particular difficulties offers an outstanding survey of the mecha nisms of biosynthesis and regulate of hormone formation, physiological results of the hormones, and the molecular mechanisms curious about thyroid hormone action.
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Additional resources for Thyroid Hormones: Biosynthesis, Physiological Effects, and Mechanisms of Action
Example text
8 fectiveness of condensation of the iodinated tyrosines and the formation of hormonally active structures, depends chiefly on the number and type of the iodoamino acids. If thyroglobulin preparations obtained from iodine-deprived glands are iodinated in vitro up to a normal iodine content, the number of and ratio between the iodinated amino acids change to those characteristic of normal thyroglobulin. The values obtained by Crombrughe et al. [92] for the content of iodinated amino acids in thyroglobulin are compared in Table II with the degree of iodination of normal human thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin isolated from a goiter, and in Table III with thyroglobulin from a goiter iodinated in vitro.
In 1957 Stanbury and Morris [477] located this enzyme in the microsomes and showed that it requires NADP as coenzyme. Iodotyrosine deiodinase differs from the deiodinases found in many tissues which deiodinate iodothyronines. This enzyme, investigated by Tata, is found in the soluble fraction of the cytoplasm and requires flavin mononucleotide and iron ions as coenzymes. Iodotyrosine deiodinase is found in the active form in several other tissues also (liver, kidneys, salivary glands). The system of deiodination acts by hydrogenation and is active only against derivatives of the L-form (DIT + 2H- MIT + lH; MIT + 2H- tyrosine + lH).
3. Scheme showing the state of iodine in the thyroid gland. Hormones of the Thyroid Gland 29 versible equilibrium with the plasma iodide and, by contrast with iodine accumulating and bound in the organic form in the unblocked gland, it can easily be displaced by thiocyanate, perchlorate, and certain other anions [538]. Physiologically speaking, iodine is integrated into organic compounds immediately after its entry into the gland. Accordingly only a very small quantity of iodine, not more than 20Jo of the total content in the thyroid gland, exists as iodides and can return to the plasma.