By D. A Reay
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A year later Marc Seguin joined a growing list of failures with his ornithopter. Earlier, in 1843 Dr. Miller of London designed a man-powered ornithopter in a more serious attempt to simulate bird flight, the wings being actuated by levers and cables worked by both hands and feet. A SELECTION OF ORNITHOPTERS In 1854 Bryant again demonstrated his faith in the ornithopter by suggesting that manual depression of the wings by the pilot would best be aided by raising them with elastic, (see Fig. 16).
Mikhnevich, who wrote a thesis in 1871 on the relationship between bird flight and its applic- 1 2 Lilienthal spent his formative years in close observation of the flying action of birds in general, but the stork's wing motion impressed him most. N. Vinogradov. Aerodinamika Ptits-Paritelei . ) 58 Man-Powered Flight ation in an aircraft that he designed. In his flapping wing machine the wings were connected by hinges to a cross beam, and levers were attached to them, brought together by a spring.
Cayley cannot be described as a champion of man-powered flight - in fact most of his efforts at designing man-powered aircraft were the result of frustrating attempts to find suitable mechanical power plants for his machines, having considered explosives, steam engines and a hot air engine which he invented. Such was his objectivity, with one noticeable exception, in his approach to flight he soon realised that without a power plant of some considerable output, any sustained flight would be impossible with the technology 1 available to him at that time.