By Alice Wang, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, Benton Highsmith Calhoun
In accordance with the paintings of MIT graduate scholars Alice Wang and Benton Calhoun, this publication surveys the sphere of sub-threshold and low-voltage layout and explores such facets of sub-threshold circuit layout as modeling, good judgment and reminiscence circuit layout. One vital bankruptcy of the e-book is devoted to optimizing power dissipation - a key metric for strength restricted designs. This booklet additionally comprises invited chapters almost about analog sub-threshold circuits.
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Additional resources for Sub-threshold Design for Ultra Low-Power Systems (Integrated Circuits and Systems)
Example text
This section examines the impact of these parameters on the minimum energy point. 17). Any relative increase in the leakage component of energy per cycle will push Vooopt higher, and the frequency at the optimum point also increases. In the figure, this corresponds to any decrease in EDYN or increase in E^. Likewise, any decrease in EL or increase in EOYN will lower the optimum VDD- These types of changes can occur for a given circuit without changing its intrinsic attributes. ^^'^ 2 . 5 DD Fig.
K< V^ Fig. 4. Normalized inverted charge vs. normalized channel voltage. 15) in the strong inversion approximation. 26) / where n is the carrier rnobihty, and x is the position along tlie channel starting from the source side. 29) is the transfer parameter of the transistor. 5(a). -Q;/C, -Oi'Cox Qj/Cox ,\Q. reverse current Vs Vp VD (a) Fig. 5. (a) Drain current; (b) decomposition in forward and reverse components. 28) can be rewritten as -Q, P Vs dV Co. 5(b), the drain current can be expressed as the difference between a forward current Ip and a reverse currently.
20) give the optimum supply voltage and threshold voltage for sub-threshold circuits consuming the minimum energy for a given frequency. e. - no triple wells for body biasing), the problem becomes finding the optimum Vup and frequency to minimize energy for a given design. 5 VDD'W Fig. 8. Model versus simulation of FIR filter showing minimum energy point and contribution of active and leakage energy. Markers are simulation values, lines are model [84]. Analytical solution from eqs. 14) is shown.