By Kenneth Bordens, Bruce Barrington Abbott
Research layout and techniques: A procedure Approach courses scholars in the course of the examine approach, from conceiving of and constructing a study notion, to designing and accomplishing a learn, to examining and reporting information. The authors current scholars with info at the various judgements they need to make whilst designing and carrying out study and point out how their early judgements impact how information are accumulated, analyzed, and interpreted later within the examine method. a spotlight at the value of moral behavior, either within the remedy of study matters and within the reporting of study effects, directs the textual content.
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Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach
Learn layout and techniques: A technique procedure publications scholars throughout the examine approach, from conceiving of and constructing a examine thought, to designing and engaging in a learn, to examining and reporting facts. The authors current scholars with details at the various judgements they need to make while designing and accomplishing examine and point out how their early judgements impact how facts are gathered, analyzed, and interpreted later within the learn method.
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Additional info for Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach
Example text
Despite the application of the most rigorous scientific methods, instances do occur in which the explanation offered by a scientist is not valid. Scientific explanations are sometimes flawed. Understanding some of the pitfalls inherent to developing scientific explanations will help you avoid arriving at flawed or incorrect explanations for behavior. Failures Due to Faulty Inference Explanations may fail because developing them involves an inference process. We make observations and then infer the causes for the observed behavior.
Although the Motel of the Mysteries example is pure fiction, real-life examples of inference gone wrong abound in science, and psychology is no exception. R. E. Fancher (1985) described the following example in his book The Intelligence Men: Makers of the IQ Controversy. S. Army administered group intelligence tests under the direction of Robert Yerkes. S. men of that era. The results were shocking. Analysis of the data revealed that the average army recruit had a mental age of 13 years—3 years below the “average adult” mental age of 16 and only 1 year above the upper limit for moronity.
Scientists convince others based on evidence and research findings, making the best case permitted by existing data. Old ideas discarded in the light of new evidence. Attempts to convince based on belief and faith rather than facts. Belief encouraged in spite of facts, not because of them. Ideas never discarded, regardless of the evidence. Scientist has no personal stake in a specific outcome of a study. Serious conflicts of interest. Pseudoscientist makes his or her living off of pseudoscientific products or services.