By John A. Thomas
The authors have supplied an summary of the relationships among hormones which are physiologic parts of the physique in addition to their pharmacologic use in substitute remedies and similar endocrine dys functionality. ideas of Endocrine Pharmacology matters itself with the ther apeutic use of hormones, and hormone like ingredients, or medicines that could act both through suppressing or bettering the metabolism of yes glands of inner secretion. different medicinal drugs used for nonendocrine ther apies can likewise have an effect on the endocrine procedure. Endocrine pharmacology emerged within the early 1900s with using crude pituitary extracts. via the mid-1900s a number of investigators had remoted and began to synthesize hormones or hormonelike ingredients. spotting the constrained provide of hormones that may be bought either from animal resources and human post-mortem fabric, the quest for thus referred to as hormone substitutes additionally all started early within the 1900s. lately, re combinant DNA applied sciences were used to supply substitute healing assets of human insulin and human development hormone. other than insulin, probably no different use of hormonally-active sub stance is best exemplified by way of these medicinal drugs which have an effect on fertility. The synthesis of an orally-effective steroid represented one of many first significant breakthroughs within the chemical suppression of ovulation. because the orally energetic 19-norsteroids have been brought within the Fifties, a number of oral contra ceptive steroid arrangements were advertised. certainly, the arrival of oral contraceptives for contraception has ended in a renewed curiosity in endocrine pharmacology.
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HMG can cause ovarian enlargement and is associated with an increased incidence of multiple births. HMG is only indicated (alone or in combination with HCG) in those cases of female infertility due to ovulatory failure. Various dose regimens of HMG have been used to prime the ovary during the early portion of the cycle (see Figure 2-14). HCG (Antuitrin-S, APL, Profasi, Follutein, Pregny) possesses luteotropin properties and may also trigger ovulation. HCG is often used in combination with FSH for the induction of ovulation.
RECOMMENDED READINGS Abboud, C. , Laboratory diagnosis of hypopituitarism, Mayo c/in. Proc. 61:35, 1986. Baird, D. , EndOCrinology of female infertility, Br. Med. Bull. 35:193, 1979. Burger, H. , and Patch, Y. , Thyrotropin releasing hormone-TSH, c/in. Endo. & Metab. 6:83, 1977. Chawla, R. , Parks, J. , Structural variants of human growth hormone: Biochemical, genetic and clinical aspects, Annu. Rev. Med. 35:519-547, 1983. Chrousos, G. , Schuermeyer, T. , Oldfield, E. , Schulte, H. , Gold, P. , and Loriaux, D.
While FSH is important in enhancing the process of spermatogenesis, it appears that LH regulates the overall process. FSH has no effect on the Leydig cells of the testes. LH acts synergistically with FSH, stimulating the secretion of estrogens by follicles undergoing maturation. LH is believed to be the hormone responsible for ovulation. LH possesses a luteotrophic action in certain subhuman species. In the male, LH stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes, also called the Leydig cells. LH is sometimes referred to as interstitial cellstimulating hormone (ICSH) in the male.