By Michael B. Zlatkin MD FRCP(C)

Now in its moment version, this resident-friendly reference explains the fundamentals of MRI...then walks readers simply throughout the radiologic assessment of shoulder problems, quite rotator cuff ailment and shoulder instability. Written in an inviting, easy-to-follow variety and illustrated with greater than six hundred scans, this long-awaited re-creation could be a favourite useful reference for citizens, practising radiologists, and orthopaedic surgeons.The booklet gains contributions from professional radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons. Chapters assessment MRI concepts and shoulder anatomy, describe and illustrate MRI findings for a wide selection of stipulations, and clarify how abnormalities noticeable on MR photographs relate to pathophysiology and medical indicators.

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Proton density-weighted images provide high signal-to-noise ratio due to the combined use of a relatively long TR and short TE. They provide high sensitivity for detection of injury to the rotator cuff and glenoid labrum-capsular complex. T2-weighted images utilize relatively long TR and TE and contribute high specificity regarding rotator cuff and other pathology. They have poor signal-to-noise ratio but are essential for visualizing soft-tissue edema, fluid collections, and for characterizing signal intensity alterations within the rotator cuff.

The classically described triangular or wedge shape is only seen in 45% of anterior labra and 78% of posterior labra (53). Asymptomatic individuals may demonstrate round, blunted, crescentshaped, thin, or absent labra. Thin and absent labra may represent degenerative changes or may be secondary to recurrent subluxation or dislocation (54,55,56). Other less common variants are cleaved and notched shapes (Fig. 13) (53,54). Labral shape can also vary with humeral rotation. Labra also vary in size and are not always symmetrical bilaterally (Fig.

Internal rotation causes laxity of the anterior capsular structures and increased overlap of muscular and tendinous components of the rotator cuff, both of which can interfere with evaluation (2). Patient comfort is important to consider prior to MR imaging. Simple measures can help minimize patient motion during the study so that better-quality images can be obtained. Taking a few moments to discuss the procedure with the patient prior to scanning and continuing communication during the scanning procedure can help decrease patient anxiety and may decrease patient motion and/or avoid the need for premedication in some patients.

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