By Robert McC. Adams

Frontis. + xvi + 187 pp. & 22 figs.. quarto.

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Orchard crops, too, are differentially responsive to salinity. Date palms, which constitute not merely the largest single category but probably also the absolute majority of all fruit trees in the area, 22 are able to bear fruit under a wide variety of conditions of soil salinity and texture. Given the intensive watering that is necessary for dates, "a hot head and wet feet," the water table often is permanently elevated to within 150 cm. 2 3 Under these conditions a very high level of salinity may be maintained in the surface soils by capillary action, including even white surface encrustations of deliquescent salts.

257,234 70,446 69,302 27,799 20,581 3,780 4,618 . 376 212,150 58,845 53,472 39,738 12,271 1,300 496 1,619 163,110 36,627 34,979 17,707 15,593 586 885 125 Proportion of landholdings employing mechanical power* (in per cent)..... 2 * This category consists principally of landholdings employing a single tractor for plowing. In Kit Liwa', for example, there were 618 tractors and 4 harvesting combines on 539 individual holdings. (Government of Iraq, Principal Bureau of Statistics, 1954, p. ) surface drainage also is poor.

Shahraban........ Haruniya........ RUz............. 60 81 46 23 25 63 3,850 5,950 1,175 350 .......... 650 Arable Lands Total 107,500 111,350 37,500 71,825 8,575 6,250 52,225 43,450 73,000 8,925 6,250 52,875 Total left bank. 238 8,125 176,375 184,500 Totals......... 298 11,975 283,875 295,850 Source: Government of Iraq, Development Board, 1958, Sect. 1, p. 5. nearly the maximum extent of irrigation that is possible in the area. 26 Thus it is water, not land, which constitutes the crucial, limiting variable to the further expansion of agriculture in this environment.

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