By Andrew Parr
Written via a strategy keep an eye on engineer, this e-book is a consultant to operation of hydraulic and pneumatics structures. it truly is meant for engineers and technicians who desire to have an perception into the elements and operation of a pneumatic or hydraulic process
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Additional info for Hydraulics and Pneumatics. A technician's and engineer's guide
Example text
T h e design should aim for a flow velocity of around l m s " . Examination of any hydraulic system will always reveal p u m p inlet pipes of much larger diameters than outlet pipes. 5a shows the by now familiar system where a load is raised or lowered by a hydraulic cylinder. With valve V! open, fluid flows from the p u m p to the cylinder, with both pressure gauges P] and P 2 indicating a pressure of F/A. With valves V! closed and V 2 open, the load falls with fluid being returned to the tank.
Care should be taken in specifying the volume of gas a compressor is required to deliver. 1 shows the volume of a given mass of gas to be highly dependent on pressure and t e m p e r a t u r e . Delivery volume of a compressor is defined in terms of gas at normal atmospheric conditions. Two standards known as standard temperature and pressures (STP) are commonly used, although differences between them are small for industrial users. 01 bar absolute, Τ = 0°C The term normal temperature and pressure (NTP) is also used.
T h e gear p u m p obviously requires closely meshing gears, minimum clearance between teeth and housing, and also between the gear face and side plates. Often the side plates of a p u m p are designed as deliberately replaceable wear plates. Wear in a gear p u m p is primarily caused by dirt particles in the hydraulic fluid, so cleanliness and filtration are particularly important. T h e pressure differential causes large side loads to be applied to the gear shafts at 45° to the centre line as shown.