By Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau
A lot has been written in regards to the origins of the good push which led Europe to colonise sub-Saharan Africa on the finish of the 19th century. This ebook presents a brand new viewpoint in this arguable topic via focussing on Europe and a number empire-building states: Germany, France, Italy and Portugal. The essays during this quantity contemplate monetary subject matters as well as the political and cultural features of the transition from trade to colonies.
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Extra info for From Slave Trade to Empire: European Colonisation of Black Africa 1780s-1880s (Routledge Studies in Modern European History)
Sample text
Except for Portuguese Angola, Europeans were unable to establish a presence in Africa during the slave trade, and thus slaves embarked on the middle passage after a market transaction between European and African slave-traders that was largely free of monopoly pressures. An essentially open commercial environment such as this ensured both buyers and sellers an influence on the resulting patterns of trade. In addition, this was a trade in a human commodity, and as a consequence, the ‘commodity’ itself inevitably had some capacity to insert an additional influence on outcomes.
2, p. 49). African and European relations 33 Loango, Kacongo and Ngoyo respectively, states that shared a language, similar laws, customs and government structures, but were also competitors. 31 In Portuguese Angola by contrast, a limited European territorial presence meant that trade routes to the interior were more susceptible to European control. 33 Luanda’s large-scale and steady contribution to the transatlantic slave trade is particularly striking. Its Brazilian focus largely insulating it from the frequent wars in North America, annual departures rarely fell below 9,000 and in the early nineteenth century peaked at 14,000.
10 About the British case see notably the new interpretations put forward in J. G. , British Imperialism, 1688–2000 (London, 2001). G. Clarence-Smith, The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825–1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism (Manchester, 1985). 13 Ralph A. Austen and Woodruff S. Smith, ‘Images of Africa and British slave trade abolition: the transition to an imperialist ideology, 1787–1807’, African Historical Studies, 2/1, 1969, pp. 69–83. Part I Economic relations between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa A global weighing-up 2 African and European relations in the last century of the transatlantic slave trade David Eltis From Atlantic to regional patterns The transatlantic slave trade was the largest forced movement of peoples in history, and up to the end of the period covered here it was the largest inter-continental movement of people of any status, free or coerced, ever to have taken place.