By Mirta Noemi Sivak, Jack Preiss, Steve Taylor
This quantity provides the physiological and biochemical elements of garage carbohydrates, or starch granules, in crops. This up to date and thorough source rigorously integrates basic wisdom with the latest details at the starch granule. It discusses the chemistry of the starch granule and the biochemistry, molecular biology, plant body structure, and genetics of plant starch synthesis. The books additionally describes the consequences of those reviews for theseed, biotechnology, and transformed starch industries.
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Extra info for Starch: basic science to biotechnology
Example text
The biosynthesis of polysaccharides in bacteria and plants is, in contrast, usually described in less detail. These organisms accumulate glycogen (bacteria) or starch (plants) by metabolic pathways that are different than those occurring in animals. Despite the difference in the final product (glycogen or starch), in bacteria and in plants ADPglucose is the glucosyl donor for the elongation of the a-1,4-glucosidic chain. Moreover, in both plants and bacteria, the main regulatory step of the metabolism takes place at the level of ADPglucose synthesis.
38 MIRTA NOEMl SlVAK AND JACK PREISS Conversely, a large body of evidence strongly indicates that the main, if not the only, pathway of starch synthesis consists of the enzymatic reactions catalyzed respectively by ADPGlc PPase (reaction 3a), the starch synthase reaction (reaction 2), and the branching enzyme (reaction 5). The data supporting this view are from a number of biochemical and genetic studies. V. , 1973), wheat grain (Moore and Turner, 1969; Turner, 1969), and potato tubers (Sowokinos, 1976) (for a review of these, see Preiss and Levi, 1980).
Although the major activators vary according to the source, they share a common characteristic: The activator specificity of the enzyme is determined by the major pathway of carbon assimilation in the organism. The relationship of activator specificity of the ADPGlc PPase of the various organisms with the pathways is summarized in Table I. The reaction catalyzed by ADPGlc PPase is reversible, and it should be noted that regulatory properties can be different in the two directions. , 1967). Enteric bacteria, such as Escherichiu coli, assimilate glucose via glycolysis and regulation of the glycolytic pathway is at the site of fructose-l,6-bis-P synthesis (the phosphofructokinase step), and this is the major activator for the E.