By Liliana Albertazzi (auth.), Liliana Albertazzi (eds.)
impossible triangle, after apprehension of the perceptively given mode of being of that 'object', the visible method assumes that each one 3 aspects contact on all 3 aspects, while this occurs on just one facet. actually, the perimeters contact simply optically, simply because they're separate extensive. In Meinong's phrases, Penrose's triangle has been inserted in an 'objective', or in what we'd this present day name a "cognitive schema". second look of the Graz school's conception, as acknowledged, sheds mild on numerous difficulties in regards to the concept of belief, and, as Luccio issues out in his contribution to this e-book, it is helping to cast off a few over-simplistic commonplaces, similar to the id of the cognitivist concept of 'top down' with Wertheimer's 'von oben unten', and of 'bottom up' along with his 'von unten nach oben'. in reality, neither Hochberg's and Gregory's 'concept-driven' belief nor Gibson's 'data-driven' belief coincide with the unique belief of the Gestalt.
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Extra info for Shapes of Forms: From Gestalt Psychology and Phenomenology to Ontology and Mathematics
Example text
However, experimental psychology in general is anti-psychologistic, although Husserl himself was largely unaware of the fact. Husserl tended to identify psychology with the theories ofWundt, who, after setting up the first laboratory of psychology, dominated the academic scene of the time. Following 1. S. Mill, Wundt recommended the breakdown of every experience into elementary sensations or, more broadly, "mental elements". Husserl's notion of 'psychologism' may be applied directly only to this manner of proceeding.
Kohler begins by showing that there is a close affinity between associationism and behaviourism: in both, the method of empirical inquiry presupposes fragmentation of the situations of experience into their presumed elementary components, which in both theories take the form of simple mechanical relationships: stimulus/ sensation, stimulus/response. He then shows that the sphere of reality from which behaviourism draws its 'facts' - facts which in his philosophy must be EXPERIMENTAL PHENOMENOLOGY: A HISTORICAL PROFILE 43 objective and non-mental, because the mind is private and whatever is private cannot be the subject-matter of science - is the same sphere as that in which phenomenal events occur.
0 Here we can see either pairs based on proximity or pairs based on similarity. But this subjective structuring by the observer is momentary, for the objective factors are always stronger. The factor of the continuity of direction prevails over that of proximity. In the following figure all the dots of segment C are more distant from the dots of segment A than those of segment B. And yet A and C form a single line while B maintains its independence. • B • • • A c • • • • • • • • • The factor of closure is even stronger than that of continuity in certain conditions, as shown by this example: ....