By Bruce Wienke
While the consequences of strain switch are effortlessly quantified in physics, chemistry, and engineering purposes, the body structure, drugs, and biology of strain adjustments in dwelling structures are even more advanced. This advanced technological know-how translated to technical diving is mentioned in a five-part sequence, with each one subject self-contained and strategically built in dating to diving, spanning many disciplines and concentrating on a couple of technical parts. a set of software routines is equipped at strategic issues within the textual content. extra fabric targeting diving info, statistical correlations, underwater checks, and threat is included.
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Extra resources for Science of diving : concepts and applications
Example text
Electromagnetic radiation causes the temperature structure of atmosphere and hydrosphere. All absorbed energy is turned into heat, chemical, or kinetic energy, or is lost by radiation, convection, or conduction. From year to year, the heat content of the oceans and atmosphere varies little, resulting in nearly constant temperatures. If at constant temperature, the Earth must ultimately be radiating energy to space at the same rate it receives it from the Sun. As seen in Figure 2, solar radiation hitting the Earth depends on both orientation of the axis of the Earth, as well orbital distance from the Sun.
Because water vapor stored in the atmosphere is relatively constant over long periods of time, there must be net transport of water from the oceans to the land masses by the atmosphere. Water is effectively transported from the subtropical oceans to the middle latitudes by winds. Similarly, the net radiation absorbed by the atmosphere must be transported to higher latitudes by ocean and wind currents. But because the energy absorbed in the oceans is less than half the total absorbed by Earth and atmosphere, and because the mass of the oceans is more than 100 times the mass of the atmosphere, more heat is carried Poleward by winds than ocean currents.
Passive remote sensing systems are most commonly placed on orbiting and geostationary satellites. Photographs from satellites are taken with ordinary visible light, showing cloud patterns, water areas, mountains, vegetation, and snow cover, to name a few. Infrared radiometer instruments take pictures day and night. The amount of infrared radiation recorded is a measure of the temperature of the radiating surface, either ground or clouds, thus providing a means to estimate vertical and horizontal temperature of the atmosphere and ocean surface.