By Martin Moeller, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
The development in polymer technological know-how is printed in primarily all chapters of Polymer technology: A finished Reference. In quantity 1, edited via Khokhlov and Kremer, this is often mirrored within the more advantageous knowing of the homes of polymers in answer, in bulk and in constrained events akin to in skinny motion pictures. quantity 2, edited through Spiess, Hashimoto and Takenaka, addresses new characterization suggestions, comparable to excessive answer optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and different techniques for floor and interface characterization. quantity three, edited via Coates and Sawamoto, offers the nice growth completed in specific man made polymerization options for vinyl monomers to manage macromolecular structure: the advance of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization strategies, and atom move radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain move platforms because the generally used controlled/living radical polymerization tools. quantity four, edited by means of Penczek and Grubbs, is dedicated to kinetics, mechanisms and purposes of ring commencing polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), in addition to to varied much less universal polymerization strategies. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, together with dendrimer synthesis and numerous "click" approaches, are coated in quantity five, edited through Schmidt and Ueda. quantity 6, edited via Mueller and Wooley, makes a speciality of numerous elements of managed macromolecular architectures and delicate nano-objects together with hybrids and bioconjugates. some of the achievements may haven't been attainable with out new characterization thoughts like AFM that allowed direct imaging of unmarried molecules and nano-objects with a precision to be had just recently. a completely new element in polymer technology is predicated at the mix of bottom-up tools similar to polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring akin to lithography and floor templating, as awarded in quantity 7, edited by means of Kumacheva and Russell. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle meeting in bulk and below restrained stipulations or encouraged by means of an exterior box, together with skinny motion pictures, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. quantity eight, edited via Muellen and Ober, expands those options concentrating on functions in complicated applied sciences, e.g. in digital and facilities on mix with most sensible down technique and useful homes like conductivity. one other form of performance that's of swiftly expanding value in polymer technological know-how is brought in quantity nine, edited by means of Langer and Tirrell. It offers with a number of points of polymers in biology and drugs, together with the reaction of dwelling cells and tissue to the touch with biofunctional debris and surfaces. The final quantity 10, edited through Hoefer, Hickner and McGrath, is dedicated to the scope and power supplied through environmentally benign and eco-friendly polymers, in addition to energy-related polymers. They speak about new applied sciences wanted for a sustainable economic system in our global of constrained assets. universal to all techniques in Polymer technological know-how: A entire Reference is studying an expanding complexity of the polymer fabrics constitution wanted for a metamorphosis in concentration from commodities to fabrics for varied complex purposes, on the topic of strength, setting, and biomedicine.
- Provides wide and in-depth assurance of all features of polymer technological know-how from synthesis/polymerization, homes, and characterization equipment and methods to nanostructures, sustainability and effort, and biomedical makes use of of polymers
- Provides a definitive resource for these coming into or learning during this quarter through integrating the multidisciplinary points of the technology into one distinctive, updated reference work
- Electronic model has whole cross-referencing and multi-media components
- Volume editors are global specialists of their box (including a Nobel Prize winner)
- 269 chapters masking all elements of polymer technology from synthesis, characterization, houses and nanostructures to biomedical makes use of, sustainability and effort purposes
Read or Download Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 10 Volume Set PDF
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Extra resources for Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 10 Volume Set
Example text
Indeed, even when the reaction is performed Intra at very low end-group concentration, typically 10−4–10−6 M, the experimental cyclization yields are often lower than those expected from the calculation using eqns [7]–[9]. 15 An efficient cyclization implies the precise synthesis of a perfectly α,ω-difunctional linear precursor. 44,47 The stoichiometry between the reac tive groups is an important factor for limiting coupling to cyclization or to the formation of polycondensates. This means that the living polymer and the coupling agent must be incre mentally added at the same low concentration during the whole ring-closure process.
15 An efficient cyclization implies the precise synthesis of a perfectly α,ω-difunctional linear precursor. 44,47 The stoichiometry between the reac tive groups is an important factor for limiting coupling to cyclization or to the formation of polycondensates. This means that the living polymer and the coupling agent must be incre mentally added at the same low concentration during the whole ring-closure process. Advantageously, the coupling reaction in the case of polystyryl species can be monitored by following the discoloration of the reddish carbanion (Scheme 5).
12 Topology | Synthesis and Properties of Macrocyclic Polymers benzene or 9,10-bis(chloromethyl)anthracene. These polyaromatic macrocycles were extensively studied by Nossarev and Hogen-Esch63 for their exceptional fluorescence properties. 1(i)(d) Block copolymer macrocycles Macrocyclic AB block copolymers with A and B blocks exhibiting different properties have been prepared using the same anionic cyclization strategy. 66 Cyclization yields are in the range of 70–80% for rings with molar masses ranging from 3000 to about 80 000 g mol−1.