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4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT The basic tool that we will employ, in the analysis of time series, is the finite Fourier transform of an observed section of the series. The taking of the Fourier transform of an empirical function was proposed as a means of searching for hidden periodicities in Stokes (1879). Schuster (1894), (1897), (1900), (1906a), (1906b), in order to avoid the annoyance of considering relative phases, proposed the consideration of the modulus-squared of the finite Fourier transform.

Ti-\ — ti. It follows that when the partition is indecomposable, we may find 7 — 1 independent differences among the Mnj) - iK/Vy); (/,;), (/',/) € Pm', m = 1 , . . , M. 2 Consider a two-way array of random variables X^; j = 1,. . , J/; / = 1 , . . , / . Consider the / random variables The joint cumulant cum (Y\,. . 4. This theorem is a particular case of a result of work done by Leonov and Shiryaev (1959). We briefly mention an example of the use of this theorem. Let (Xi,... ,^4) be a 4-variate normal random variable.

Tk the proportions, F^ ak (jci,. . , XA;/I, • • • » t k ) , of /'s in the interval [—5,7") such that tends to a limit Fai ak(x\, . . , Xk\t\, . . , tk) (at points of continuity of this function) as S, T —> <» and (ii) a compactness assumption such as is satisfied for all S, T and some u > 0. In this case the Fai ak(xi,. . , x*;/i,. . , tk) provide a consistent and symmetric family of finite dimensional distributions and so can be associated with some stochastic process by the Kolmogorov extension theorem; see Doob (1953).

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