By D. M. Bibby, C. D. Chang, R. F. Howe, S. Yurchak
This complaints quantity contains the invited plenary lectures, contributed and poster papers awarded at a symposium organised to mark the profitable inauguration of the world's first advertisement plant for construction of fuel from typical fuel, in line with the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline method. The targets of the Symposium have been to offer either primary examine and engineering elements of the advance and commercialization of gas-to-gasoline methods. those comprise steam reforming, methanol synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline. attainable substitute techniques e.g. MOGD, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and the direct conversion of methane to raised hydrocarbons have been additionally thought of. The papers during this quantity offer a necessary and very wide-ranging evaluation of present examine into a few of the strategies for traditional fuel conversion, giving an in depth description of the gas-to-gasoline method and plant. jointly, they symbolize a special blend of basic floor chemistry catalyst characterization, response chemistry and engineering scale-up and commercialization.
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Additional resources for Methane conversion: proceedings of a symposium on the production of fuels and chemicals from natural gas, Auckland, April 27-30, 1987
Example text
M i n i m a l coke f o r m a t i o n and maximal coke removal - b y g a s i f i c a t i o n o f carbon o r o f i n t e r m e d i a t e s which can l e a d t o carbon. Steam r e f o r m i n g o f methane proceeds t h r o u g h adsorbed s p e c i e s produced by dehydrogenation. As seen i n F i g u r e 4, r e a c t i o n o f adsorbed s p e c i e s w i t h w a t e r competes w i t h f u r t h e r dehydrogenation t o produce coke. F i g u r e 4. P o s t u l a t e d r e a c t i o n mechanism o f methane steam reforming.
11. (After Ref. ) An example of product s e l e c t i v i t y is t h e ZSM-5 p r o c e s s , s e l e c t i v e t o l u e n e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t i o n (Ref. 151, which is t h e second g e n e r a t i o n o f our commercial t o l u e n e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t i o n p r o c e s s t h a t produces x y l e n e s and benzene from toluene. Based on fundamental s t u d i e s t h a t r e v e a l e d t h e important v a r i a b l e s i n c o n t r o l l i n g t h e s e l e c t i v i t y , we have been able t o modify t h e ZSM-5 c a t a l y s t t o produce para-xylene from t o l u e n e with much g r e a t e r s e l e c t i v i t y .
1 As F i g u r e 14 shows, MTG p r o v i d e s t h e missing l i n k i n a c h a i n o f r e a c t i o n s t h a t begins with c o a l or n a t u r a l gas and ends with t h e g a s o l i n e we need t o keep our mechanized s o c i e t y moving. N a t u r a l gas or c o a l i s converted t o synthesis gas, a m i x t u r e o f C02 and H2, and then t o methanol. The methanol i s then converted t o an e q u i l i b r i u m m i x t u r e o f methanol, dimethylether and water, which i s f e d t o an MTG r e a c t o r and converted t o g a s o l i n e over a ZSM-5 c a t a l y s t .