By Matthias Koops
Matthias Koops was once a pioneer of mechanical paper-making. He invented new techniques for making paper from wooden pulp instead of from rags, and for recycling paper itself to a during which it may be used for printing. the second one variation (1801) of his booklet used to be revealed in part on a kind of straw paper and partially on recycled paper; the Appendix used to be 'printed on paper made of wooden on my own, the produce of this country'. Koops's target used to be to beat the matter of the shortage of rags for paper-making, which he believed used to be a restraint at the improvement of trade and of technology, by way of generating paper from normal assets that have been virtually inexhaustible. despite the fact that, the manufacturing unit which he verified went bankrupt after just one yr, and it used to be to be approximately centuries ahead of printing books on recycled paper turned a pragmatic chance for the undefined.
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Additional info for Historical Account of the Substances Which Have Been Used to Describe Events, and to Convey Ideas, from the Earliest Date, to the Invention of Paper
Example text
If it was too fharp, it often cut the parchment. This inftrument was named fubula. Blank lines, drawn either with the fefcue or with the fubula, are discovered in all neatly written ancient manufcripts, and in many records from the fixth to the fourteenth century. The pierced points difcovered on both ends of the lines were made with the before mentioned puncher. Pumice Pumice (pumex) was likewife a writing material of the ancients, and ufed to fmooth the rough and uneven parts of the parchment, or to fharpen the reed.
87, (Augfburg, 1573,) that in the Turkim dominions. [ 38 ] dominions, in the mops, canes (for pens) are to be fold, which are fmall and hollow within, frnooth without, and of a brownifri red colour, wherewith the Turks and Moors write : for to write with goofequills is not in ufe with them. Tavernier alfo, in one of his voyages, p. 229, tells us, that the Perfians ufe three forts of hands: fet-hand, court-hand, and runninghand; and that they write with fmall Indian reeds, bearing their hands exceeding lightly.
Having fhortly noticed the letters invented and adopted for writing and printing, and conveying ideas, fentiments, and improvements in arts and fciences from one to another, I will now give a brief account of the instruments and materials which have been made ufe of, before I proceed to a hiftory of the materials which have been engraved, printed, and written on. The The inftruments were of two kinds; they performed their fervices either immediately or by the affiftance of fluids. firft belong the To the wedge, (cuneus); the chiffel, (celtes, celten, coellum, caelum)x and the writing fefcue, (Jiilus, graphium).