By Dr. Martha Honey PhD
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Additional resources for Ecotourism and Sustainable Development, Second Edition: Who Owns Paradise?
Example text
Ecotourism demands a more holistic approach to travel, one in which participants strive to respect, learn about, and benefit both the environment and local communities. Although not explicitly part of The International Ecotourism Society’s definition, giving economic benefits and showing cultural sensitivity to local communities cannot be separated from understanding their political circumstances. In many developing countries, rural populations living around national parks and other ecotourism attractions are locked in contests with the national government and multinational corporations for control of the assets and their benefits.
S. government’s main tool for providing bilateral development assistance to poor countries, has since the 1980s been 20 Ecotourism and Sustainable Development actively involved in nature tourism and ecotourism activities to help meet a shifting set of policy objectives. Initially ecotourism fit within two of the agency’s four broad objectives—promoting national economic growth and conserving biodiversity—and this facilitated the inclusion of ecotourism in many projects. S. conservation NGOs. As a 1992 USAID study summarized, “AID’s central environmental objective is to promote environmentally and socially sound, long-term economic growth.
50 However, Ceballos-Lascuráin, an architect and avid birder, claims to have first coined the term “ecotourism” in 1983. 51 In 1980, the IUCN issued the World Conservation Strategy, which reflected the views of a growing number of organizations in stressing that protected area management must be linked with the economic activities of local communities. 54 In 1996, the Ecotourism Consultancy Program was expanded into the Task Force on Tourism and Protected Areas, with a broader mandate to collect data on protected area tourism, develop case studies and tourism management guidelines for protected areas, and provide advice to the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), a global network of more than one thousand protected area managers and specialists that is supported by the IUCN.