By Sean Ekins
A entire research of cutting-edge molecular modeling techniques and techniques utilized to threat review for pharmaceutical and environmental chemicalsThis certain quantity describes how the interplay of molecules with toxicologically correct pursuits could be anticipated utilizing computer-based instruments using X-ray crystal buildings or homology, receptor, pharmacophore, and quantitative constitution task dating (QSAR) versions of human proteins. It covers the in vitro types used, more moderen applied sciences, and regulatory points. The booklet bargains a whole platforms standpoint to hazard review prediction, discussing experimental and computational ways intimately, with:*An advent to toxicology equipment and an evidence of computational methods*In-depth stories of QSAR equipment utilized to enzymes, transporters, nuclear receptors, and ion channels*Sections on utilizing pcs to toxicology review within the pharmaceutical and within the environmental arena*Chapters written through best foreign experts*Figures that illustrate computational types and references for additional informationThis is a key source for toxicologists and scientists within the pharmaceutical and environmental sciences in addition to researchers interested in ADMET, drug discovery, and expertise and software program improvement.
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Additional info for Computational Toxicology: Risk Assessment for Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemicals (Wiley Series on Technologies for the Pharmaceutical Industry)
Sample text
18 AN INTRODUCTION TO TOXICOLOGY AND ITS METHODOLOGIES REFERENCES 1. Osborne G, Gruninger S. html> 2001. 2. Borzelleca JF. Profiles in toxicology—Paracelsus: Herald of modern toxicology. Toxicol Sci 2000;53:2–4. 3. Malarkey DE, Maronpot RR. Carcinogenesis. , Vol. 1. , 2005. p. 445–66. 4. Gad SC. Genotoxicity. In: Gad SC, editor, Drug safety evaluation. New York: Wiley, 2002. p. 176–236. 5. Gad SC. Developmental and reproductive toxicity testing. In: Gad SC, editor, Drug safety evaluation, New York: Wiley, 2002.
Curr Pharm Des 2006;12:1467–88. 41. Coecke S, Eskes C, Gartion J, Vliet EV, Kinsner A, Bogni A, et al. Metabolismmediated neurotoxicity: the significance of genetically engineered cell lines and new three-dimensional cell cultures. Altern Lab Anim 2002;30(Suppl 2):115–18. 42. Prieto P. Barriers, nephrotoxicology and chronic testing in vitro. Altern Lab Anim 2002;30(Suppl 2):101–6. 43. O’Brien PJ, Irwin W, Diaz D, Howard-Cofield E, Krejsa CM, Slaughter MR, et al. High concordance of drug-induced human hepatotoxicity with in vitro cytotoxicity measured in a novel cell-based model using high content screening.
Other metals can also be highly neurotoxic. 10 AN INTRODUCTION TO TOXICOLOGY AND ITS METHODOLOGIES Developmental retardation occurs following exposure to metals, and this has been instrumental in decreasing the amount of lead used in gasoline and indoor paints. Maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy can also cause developmental retardation manifested as fetal alcohol syndrome. Organophosphates can cause acute injury related to acetylcholine accumulation and certain ones such as triothocresylphosphate can cause delayed axonal degeneration.