By Irving R. Epstein (auth.), G. Nicolis, F. Baras (eds.)
On March 14-18, 1983 a workshop on "Chemical Instabilities: functions in Chemistry, Engineering, Geology, and fabrics technology" used to be held in Austin, Texas, U.S.A. It used to be equipped together via the college of Texas at Austin and the Universite Libre de Bruxelles and subsidized qy NATO, NSF, the college of Texas at Austin, the overseas Solvay Institutes and the Ex xon company. the current quantity contains lots of the fabric of the in vited lectures added within the workshop in addition to fabric from a few posters, whose content material used to be without delay with regards to the subjects of the invited lectures. In ,recent years, difficulties on the topic of the steadiness and the nonlinear dynamics of nonequilibrium structures invaded an exceptional num ber of fields starting from summary arithmetic to biology. essentially the most impressive features of this improvement is that topics reputed to be "classical" and "well-established" like chemistry, grew to become out to provide upward thrust to a wealthy number of phenomena resulting in a number of regular states and hysteresis, oscillatory habit in time, spatial styles, or propagating wave fronts. the first goal of the workshop used to be to collect researchers actively engaged in fields within which instabilities and nonlinear phenomena just like these saw in chemistry are of present and first quandary : chemical engineering (especially floor catalysis), combustion (dynamics of ignition, flame sta bili t;y), interfaces (emulsification, dendritic growth), geology (regularly repeated styles of mineralization 1n numerous spabe scales), and fabrics technology (dynamical solidification, habit of subject below irradiation).
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9 THE SEARCH FOR NEW CHEMICAL OSCILLATORS o. b. ~ I I I I I I I I I I I I I " '''-L_ c. d. / V I A B y · '~I ··..... ",l. -. - TIME- Figure 3. Bistability and oscillation in a typical chemical system (see text). _) of adding a feedback species; c) Behavior of the system in b) as a function of time; d) Cross-shaped phase diagram. Our systematic search procedure may thus be summarized as: a) choose an autocatalyic reaction R; b) run R in CSTR and seek conditions under which the system is bistable; c) choose a feedback species Z which perturbs the system by different amounts on the two branches of steady states; d) by increasing the input of Z into the CSTR, seek the critical point at which bistability disappears and oscillations begin.
TABLE 1 OSCILLATING REACTANT/CATALYST COMBINATIONS Reactants Catalysts CO + 02 Pt [7 - 15J, Pt(s) [16 - 26J, Pd [27J, CuO(s) [28J, Ir [27J H2 + 02 Pt [29 - 32J, Pt(s) [17, 33 - 35J, Pd [36J, Pd(s) [34J, Ni [37 - 39J NH3 + 02 Pt [40J C2 H4 + 02 Pt [41J C3 H6 + 02 Pt [42J CH30H + 02 Pt(s) [43J CH3(CHCH2)0 + 02 Ag [44J C6 H12 + 02 NaY(zeolite) [45J N20 decomposition CuO(s) [46J CO + NO Pt [47] NH3 + NO Pt [48J C2 H4 + H2 Ni(s) [49J CO + NO + 02 + H2O Pt(s) [50J A disk of catalytic foil, Ni or Pt, was suspended in the flow.