By J Paulo Davim
Tribology is the technological know-how and expertise of interacting surfaces in relative movement. This booklet discusses contemporary study and functions of ideas of friction, put on and lubrication, and goals to supply the basics and advances in tribology for contemporary undefined. The publication offers the tribology with distinct emphasis in floor topography; put on of fabrics and lubrication, and contains devoted assurance to the basics of micro and nanotribology. The final chapters of the ebook current the advances at the moment being skilled in tribology in production and bio and clinical tribology, respectively. The ebook serves as an invaluable reference for lecturers, tribology and fabrics researchers, mechanical, physics and fabrics engineers, expert in comparable industries with tribology.
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Additional info for Tribology for Engineers: A Practical Guide (Woodhead Publishing in Mechanical Engineering)
Sample text
This mathematical property of continuity, non-differentiability and self-affinity is satisfied by the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) fractal function, which is thus used to characterize and simulate such profiles. 15] γ (2ϪD)n nϭn1 ͚ where G is a scaling constant. The parameter n1 corresponds to the low cut-off frequency of the profile. Since surfaces are non-stationary random process the lowest cut-off frequency depends on the length L of the sample and is given by γ n1 = 1/L. The W-M function has the interesting mathematical property that the series for Z(x) converges but that for dZ/dx diverges.
As the result, the surface parameters calculated fail to provide information about the scale at which the particular frequency component appears. Wavelet methods decompose the surface data into different frequency components and characterize it at each individual scale. While applying wavelets, the surfaces are first decomposed into roughness, waviness and form. Then the changes in surface peaks, pits and scratches, together with their locations, are obtained at different scales. However, there are still major problems in extracting the appropriate surface texture parameters from wavelets.
The same is denoted by P(Z) or φ(Z) and is obtained by plotting the number of occurrences of a particular value of Z in the data against the value of Z and normalizing the best fit curve to the data so that the total area enclosed by the distribution curve is unity. 6] where σ is the standard deviation of the distribution. The shape of the distribution function may be quantified by means of the moments of the distribution. 7] The first moment m1 represents the mean line. The mean line is so located that m1 is equal to zero.