By Alan R. Hargens

Recent examine, particularly in fields of orthopaedic surgical procedure and rehabilita­ tion, element to the significance of periodic, reasonable pressure for holding common constitution and serve as of tissues. additionally, development and therapeutic of load-bearing tissues comparable to bone, cartilage, and intervertebral disc are specially based upon stress-related stimuli. severe degrees of rigidity, although, tend to be damaging to tissue integrity, and so much therapy regimens this day deal with difficulties with regards to trauma and different stipulations of abnormally excessive tension. for that reason, the aim of this publication is to collect specialists in fields of tissue meals and development in an effort to evaluate past paintings and consider new principles and effects about the significance of mechanical tension in tissues. This ebook is exclusive in that the subject of tissue food and progress, specially relating to attainable advantages of periodic reasonable rigidity, hasn't ever been addressed comprehensively, drawing jointly specialists on vari­ ous tissues and organs. One goal is to concentration awareness on tissue foodstuff the place controversy nonetheless exists relating to uncomplicated mechanisms of metabolite delivery and fluid homeostasis in the interstitium. An­ different target is to check the pathophysiology of tissue compression and speak about suggestions to enhance viability. Tissues that are handled during this ebook contain bone, cartilage, intervertebral disc, lung, nerve, skeletal muscle, umbilical twine, synovium, pores and skin, and subcutaneous tissues. established upon those pursuits, this publication is essentially addressed to scholars, inves­ tigators, and academics in fields of body structure, biochemistry, biomechan­ ics, workout, orthopaedic surgical procedure, rehabilitation, and activities medicine.

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Biochim Biophys Acta 27:229246. Kedem 0 and Katchalsky A (1961). A physical interpretation of the phenomenological coefficients of membrane permeability. J Gen PhysioI45:143-179. Laros GS, Tipton CM and Cooper RR (1971). Influence of physical activity on ligament insertions in the knees of dogs. J Bone Joint Surg 53A:275-286. Laurent TC (1970). The structure and function of the intercellular polysaccharides in connective tissues. ). Copenhagen: Munksgaard, pp. 261-277. Laurent TC (1972). The ultrastructure and physical-chemical properties of interstitial connective tissue.

Laros GS, Tipton CM and Cooper RR (1971). Influence of physical activity on ligament insertions in the knees of dogs. J Bone Joint Surg 53A:275-286. Laurent TC (1970). The structure and function of the intercellular polysaccharides in connective tissues. ). Copenhagen: Munksgaard, pp. 261-277. Laurent TC (1972). The ultrastructure and physical-chemical properties of interstitial connective tissue. In: Capillary Exchange and the Interstitial Space, OH Gauer et al. ). /liigers Arch 336 (Suppl): 21-42.

On the other hand, the molecular characteristics of proteoglycan in Wharton's jelly are not known. Proteoglycans from other tissues, however, have a lower molecular weight than hyaluronic acid (Comper and Laurent, 1978). They are highly branched (glycosaminoglycan chains are linked to a protein backbone in a "bottle brush" structure) (Mathews and Lozaitye, 1958) and their molecular structure is more compact than the linear chain hyaluronic acid molecule. How effectively hyaluronic acid is held within tissue is indicated in studies (Klein and Meyer, 1983) in which structural modification of tissue affects the elution rate of endogenous hyaluronic acid (Fig.

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