By A. L. Smith
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A microscope stage graticule was used for absolute calibration purposes. 3 Log (c/mol dm" ) Fig. 4. Surface and interfacial tensions for the T D P S solutions. The drop size was always very uniform and the quoted values of f typically have a standard deviation of + 5 μιη. Tiny secondary (satellite) drops were often, but not always, visible. Interfacial tensions were measured using the Wilhelmy plate technique with a roughened PTFE plate suspended from a BeckmannRIIC LM 600 electromicrobalance. Surface tensions for T D P S solutions were measured with the same technique using roughened glass microscopic cover slides.
Colloid Interface Sci. 41, 475. Mandel, M . and Stadhouder, M . G . (1964). Makromol. Chem. 80, 141. , Quadrifoglio, F . a n d Delben, F . (1972). J. Polym. Sci. A-2,10, 357. , Leyte, J. C. a n d Stadhouder, M . G. (1967). J. Phys. Chem. 71, 603. Dubin, P. L. and Strauss, U . P. (1970). J. Phys. Chem. 74, 2842. See Davies, J. T. and Rideal, Ε. K. (1963). "Interfacial P h e n o m e n a " (2nd edition), p . 371. Academic Press, N e w Y o r k a n d L o n d o n . 16. Walstra, P. (1973). Chem. Eng.
It occurs to me that in explaining the role of H D in the emulsification process it could perhaps be worth while to consider possible gradients of interfacial 1 developing during emulsification due to transient uneven surface excesses of tension, H D . Such gradients would tend to restore themselves and, in doing so, drag water in between newly formed droplets (viscous traction). This, in turn, would push newly created droplets apart and hence promote stabilization against coalescence. The finding that no effective emulsification is observed with the H D prior to the stirring in the m o n o m e r (oil) phase supports this mechanism, because with the H D in the oil phase there would be plenty of H D to replenish any surface deficit of it immediately after extension of the interface and hence counteract the creation of transient gradients of interfacial tension.