By Kara Rogers

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The term ultratrace elements is sometimes used to describe minerals that are found in the diet in extremely small quantities (micrograms each day) and are present in human tissue as well; these include arsenic, boron, nickel, silicon, and vanadium. , tin, lithium, aluminum) in human tissues and indeed their importance for human health are uncertain. Minerals have diverse functions, including muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood clotting, immunity, the maintenance of blood pressure, and growth and development.

Oct. —d. ) English nutritionist Elsie Widdowson contributed to fundamental investigations of the chemical composition of foods—work that helped guide the British government’s World War II food-rationing program. Widdowson received bachelor’s (1928) and doctoral (1931) degrees in chemistry from Imperial College, London. Following completion of her doctorate, she spent a year at the Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry at Middlesex Hospital before moving to King’s College of Household and Social Science in 1933.

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins constitute the bulk of the diet, amounting together to about just over one pound (500 grams) per day in actual weight. These macronutrients provide raw materials for tissue building and maintenance as well as fuel to run the myriad physiological and metabolic activities that sustain life. In contrast are the micronutrients, which are not themselves energy sources but facilitate metabolic processes throughout the body: vitamins, of which humans need about 300 mg per day in the diet, and minerals, of which about 20 grams per day are needed.

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