By Fernando Andresen Guimaraes
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Extra info for The Origins of the Angolan Civil War: Foreign Intervention and Domestic Political Conflict
Sample text
According to Wheeler, the goals of the Angolan League were: (i) to fight for the general interests of Angola; (ii) to further African education; (iii) to defend the interests of their members and protect their rights; and (iv) to establish physical education classes. 17 36 The Internal Sources of Conflict in Angola Although some members were more radical than others, their general approach was not anti-colonial but co-operative and even supportive of the republican cause in Portugal. The League mainly sought to advance the lot of the assimilado within colonial society.
For us to have arrived where we are presently, hundreds of generations before us fought, suffered and learned, minute by minute, the most intimate secrets in the fountain of life. 53 Officially, the Portuguese 'nation' was made up of all peoples under its sovereignty. However, the colonial policy behind this multi-cultural fantasy may have had the unintended effect of creating some of the very conditions under which Portuguese sovereignty could subsequently be challenged. Despite its ethnically divisive nature, Portugal's colonial policy in Angola produced an indigenous class that came to both accept and expect the economic and social rewards of joining the central society at the heart of the colonial regime.
18 Despite this sectional interest, however, it should be noted that the first goal of the League, 'to fight for the general interests of Angola', reflects the presence of a concept of the Angolan nation in this early political activism. African political activity also emerged at this time in Lisbon, predating the anti-colonialists of the 1940s and 1950s who met, organized and developed their challenges to colonial rule from within the heart of the regime. The African League,19 established in 1919, and the African National Party (PNA),20 in 1921, were self-proclaimed nonviolent lobbying groups with an assimilado membership which sought to represent '...