By Richard J. Sundberg
This interesting new quantity presents a finished but concise assessment of the chemical facets of a few of the most important suggestions and adjustments that happened through the twentieth century, touching on chemical constructions and houses to real-life purposes.
Developed for a direction taught by means of the writer for numerous years at UVA, the writer covers the real and consequential advancements in chemistry and explains their daily, real-life functions. those comprise such subject matters as shopper items, fossil gasoline use, polymers, agriculture, meals construction, food, explosives, and medicine. The part Molecular Biology and Its functions comprises examples of the applying of biotechnology and genetic engineering. The booklet solutions such questions as
• What does "octane quantity" suggest?
• what's "Spandex"?
• What are the entire constituents in my frozen pizza and why are they there?
• what's in my favourite headache therapy and the way does it paintings?
• How can medicinal drugs impact psychological outlook and serve as?
• How are genetically changed organisms got and the way are they used?
Broad in scope, The Chemical Century presents comprehensible examples of discoveries and their functions in addition to short anecdotal info on a few to the key members and the conditions lower than which the discoveries have been made. Interspersed in many of the chapters are short summaries discoveries. those sections comprise various biographical, historic, or political/economic historical past referring to the actual topic.
The significant financial, environmental, and regulatory elements are touched upon to boot. for instance, the booklet considers hydrocarbon fuels and their function in international warming; the problem of residues in meals; and multi-drug resistance and antibiotics.
There is little designated chemistry, however the fabric is apparent in describing chemical buildings and in referring to these constructions to the homes of the fabrics. The booklet contains quite a few figures and tables to demonstrate and bring complex info. Many chemical constructions, together with approximately 50 schemes with a number of buildings, are essentially and easily provided in addition.
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Extra resources for The Chemical Century : Molecular Manipulation and Its Impact on the 20th Century
Sample text
He received his undergraduate training there in chemical engineering but undertook graduate work in Chemistry and received his Ph. D. in 1926. He remained as a member of the faculty and became the Moses Gomberg Distinguished Professor in 1947. His major research effort was in steroids and polycyclic compounds, but during WWII he was a participant in the NDRC program in chemistry. Working with his Ph. D. student, John C. Sheehan, he developed an improved process for manufacture of RDX and HMX. RDX and HMX were used in bombs and torpedo shells.
The du Ponts also purchased several small producers and achieved a dominant position in gunpowder manufacture. Later, when dynamite arrived on the scene, the du Ponts purchased California Powder, one of Alfred Nobel’s US licensees. The company made a variant of dynamite called “White Hercules” that contained nitrated sugar as well as nitroglycerine and KNO3. 2). By 1900, nearly all of the production of gunpowder and explosives in the United States was under the control of the du Pont family in a company called the Eastern Dynamite Corporation.
Nobel found that a 1:1 mixture of nitroglycerin and this nitrocellulose containing some camphor formed a gel that was excellent for blasting rock and was resistant to moisture. The story is told that Nobel’s invention of Ballistite was triggered by a laboratory accident in which he cut his finger. He used collodion, then a common laboratory sealant, to coat the finger, but during the night the idea occurred to mix collodion (which is a solution of nitrocellulose in 3:1 ether–alcohol), with nitroglycerin.