By Samuel M. Makinda
A comprehensive examination of the paintings of the African Union (AU), with specific emphasis on its skill to fulfill the demanding situations of establishing and maintaining governance associations and safeguard mechanisms. Samuel Makinda and F. Wafula Okumu convey how Africa and, particularly, the AU can successfully addressed the demanding situations of creating and maintaining governance associations and safety mechanisms provided that they've got strategic leadership. Current debates on, and criticisms of, management in Africa also are analyzed in addition to key options for overcoming the restrictions that African leaders face. Core issues coated comprise: the colonial guidelines of the ecu powers the emergence of Pan-Africanism the construction of the association of African team spirit (OAU) in 1963 the evolution of the OAU into the AU in 2002 the AU’s means to handle poverty relief, clash administration and determination, peacebuilding and humanitarian intervention.
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Pan-Africanism: liberation and integration The establishment of the AU may be regarded as an important step in efforts to return Pan-Africanism to its roots. Pan-Africanism started in the early 1900s as a movement of people of African descent. In the second half of the twentieth century, African governments dominated the movement and the people were excluded. Thanks to the Constitutive Act of the AU, the people are slowly being rehabilitated and Pan-Africanism is increasingly becoming a movement in which both governments and people participate to shape the continent’s future.
The United States accused Libya of involvement and subsequently campaigned to isolate it internationally. As Libya became an international pariah, Gaddafi looked south to Africa for friendship with non-Western leaning states and liberation movements such as South Africa’s African National Congress. He also increased his participation in the OAU and spearheaded efforts to transform it into a more viable and vibrant pan-African organization. As Gaddafi developed closer ties with the OAU, the United States reacted by scaling back and eventually almost freezing all its ties to the organization.
Thanks to the Constitutive Act of the AU, the people are slowly being rehabilitated and Pan-Africanism is increasingly becoming a movement in which both governments and people participate to shape the continent’s future. But, what is Pan-Africanism? Like most social-science concepts, Pan-Africanism defies any precise definition. ’’15 Legum’s explanation suggests that Pan-Africanism may be seen at three levels: as part of the reconstruction of identity; as a search for human dignity and equality globally; and as a movement that would lead to selfgovernment.