By Andrew T. W. Pickford
As highways, crossing issues, and concrete streets turn into more and more jammed with site visitors, increasingly more roadway professionals are turning to digital tolling and pricing to regulate site visitors and highway utilization. This authoritative ebook deals execs professional information in making plans, deciding to buy, and working digital tolling and road-user charging structures. It cuts via a probably complicated array of expertise recommendations so analysts and engineers can fit the correct expertise to coverage. furthermore, the publication essentially explains pricing and site visitors administration rules so planners can simply determine and alter guidelines and pricing schemes. This useful quantity makes a speciality of proven and rising applied sciences utilized in charging, enforcement, and classifying autos, and it comprehensively covers privateness, felony, alternate, and different regulatory concerns. The ebook provides case reviews from all over the world that aspect top practices for pricing, dealing with site visitors call for, and constructing neighborhood, local, and cross-border pricing and tolling rules.
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Additional resources for Road user charging and electronic toll collection
Example text
30 toll, for example. 2 Automatic Coin Machines Automatic coin machines (ACMs) are widely used at many toll plazas to replace the need for a manned tollbooth. The coin machines are generally able to accept prepaid tokens (if used) and coins. Most of these machines use a basket or hopper, into which the drivers throw coins or tokens. These are generally read and validated within 2 to 3 seconds, and the barrier is raised (or some other indication of a correct toll charge given to the driver). The driver can press a button requesting a receipt to be printed.
Once inside the cordon, the vehicle only accrued charges when the vehicle was deemed to be in a congested situation [22, 24]. 9. In the same year, GEC ESAMS3 demonstrated a variant of this scheme, which charged for time spent in a cordon in Richmond, United Kingdom. Another possibility could be to charge a fee related to the levels of environmental pollution generated by vehicles in a particular area. Most cordon-based systems currently use microwave tags to initiate payment. However, London introduced their congestion charging scheme based upon the preregistration of vehicle license plates, which are then checked, and violators recorded, using ANPR [28, 63].
It is worth reviewing the manual forms of collection that are implemented [46] before proposing automated fee collection systems. Manual collection methods vary in many ways, depending upon the characteristics of the road. However, the overriding requirement for manual collection is that the vehicle driver must stop the car, open a car window (or door), and either hand over cash or a card, or insert either of these into a machine. These plazas are common across Europe for the collection of road tolls.