By Helen Lenskyj
In Out of Bounds , feminist Helen Lenskyj offers an insightful exam of the hyperlinks among women's participation in activities and the keep an eye on in their reproductive capability and sexuality. She identifies the feminine frailty fantasy, the appearance of male athletic superiority and the concept that of obligatory heterosexuality as robust determinants of "masculinity" and "femininity" within the realm of sport.<br /><br />Looking at advancements from the 1880's to the 1980's, Lenskyj discusses clinical perspectives of women's overall healthiness and actual power and examines the social attitudes and practices that retain women and girls from partaking within the complete variety of activities and exercises. subject matters contain touch activities, self-defence, health, bodybuilding and women-only recreation. pictures, memorabilia and eye-opening info masking a hundred years unearths the lacking hyperlinks among ladies, recreation and sexuality.
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Extra resources for Out of bounds : women, sport and sexuality
Example text
The high media profile of the fitness industry and the women's movement no doubt account for increased coverage of athletes' gynecological health in all major sportsmedicine, gynecology, endocrinology, science, biology and physical education journals. The vast majority of articles treated menstrual variations as a problem, their authors obviously sharing the nineteenth-century conviction that the twenty-eight day cycle is the norm and motherhood the destiny for all women. Rarely was it suggested that a young woman might wish to weigh the possible costs of intensive training against child-bearing potential, and to make an informed decision regarding her future.
There are class differences in parental tolerance towards "sissies" or "tomboys," for example. Corresponding degrees of sex differentiation in children's play and in choice of sports can also be partially attributed to class. Furthermore, the attributes of femininity and feminine sports are not constant across class lines. For example, one form of women's riding, dressage, is an activity of the privileged class, while another, rodeo, has rural, working class roots. The equestrienne is considered feminine, but the rodeo rider is not.
Image not available Sprinters Josie Dyment (left) and Myrtle Cook, Toronto, 1926. During this period, the health of adolescent boys and young men engaged in sport was also of medical interest, particularly as competition in school and university team sports and track events was flourishing. Doctors were concerned about the condition of the heart, as cardiac dilation and hypertrophy had been identified in several elite American and European athletes as early as 1913. Of course, it was rarely suggested that boys and men withdraw from sporting competition; most doctors simply warned against excesses and advocated shorter races for young boys.