By Adam Mayer
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Additional info for Naija Marxisms: Revolutionary Thought in Nigeria
Example text
That coup was led by General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB; b. 79 Babangida toppled Buhari but chose not to kill him. 80 Babangida was, and still is, a charmer. He included in his advisory team a broad range of perspectives, including Edwin Madunagu, a Trotskyist, until disagreements forced the latter out. 81 In June 1986, the nefarious Babangida instituted the SAP, one of the first in Africa. Some debt rescheduling occurred but the SAP’s effect was so negative that there is complete agreement in the literature on its devastating effects irrespective of political allegiance.
Naija marxisms reinforced each other constantly. It was not possible for Nigerian patriots to fight the colonial state without the labour movement, and it was not possible to maintain an effective labour movement without Marxists who attacked the bourgeois polity, military or civilian. This is why it makes sense to discuss these interrelated threads of resistance as they really have always appeared and fought – together. It also makes sense to include the feminist movement as an integral part. Fela Kuti, a singer and a rebel, was Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti’s son, and his thought was heavily influenced by his mother’s Marxian feminism.
Such minor improvements (washed away quickly after independence) came at a terrible price: by 1939 seven European firms controlled two-thirds of all Nigeria’s export trade. 62 The new sectors of the economy needed miners, freight haulers, dock workers, road builders, people for the ports, rail workers. Forced labour was a common solution. However, to solve the problem, the British banned traditional forms of monetary exchange (cowry), and British paper money and coins became the only legal tender, but direct taxes had to be paid: Nigerians had to take up employment.