By World Health Organization
Concise overseas Chemical review files (CICADs) are released by means of the foreign Programme on Chemical defense (IPCS) — a cooperative programme of the realm overall healthiness association (WHO), the overseas Labour association (ILO). and the United countries setting Programme (UNEP). CICADs were built from the Environmental future health standards records (EHCs). greater than 2 hundred of that have been released seeing that 1976 as authoritative records at the hazard overview of chemical substances.
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Extra info for Mono- and Disubstituted Methyltin, Butyltin, and Octyltin Compounds
Sample text
1991) and Feldman et al. (1993) described symptoms of a 23-year-old male university chemistry student accidentally exposed to vapours of trimethyltin. , 1994a). , 1993, 1994a,b, 1995). Additionally, mechanisms of immunosuppression by organotins have also focused on the role of apoptosis versus proliferation arrest. The apoptotic pathway followed by organotin compounds such as dibutyltin dichloride and tributyltin chloride at high doses is 32 Mono- and disubstituted methyltin, butyltin, and octyltin compounds symptoms, which developed 72 h after the exposure, included delirium, spatial disorientation, and memory loss.
Chronic NOECs were available for algae and invertebrates. 007 mg/l for monomethyltin chloride in Scenedesmus subspicatus was the lowest reported result. Since there were no long-term test results available for fish, it was necessary to apply an uncertainty factor of 50 to the critical study. Data sets on toxicity to aquatic organisms vary considerably from compound to compound, with dibutyltin being the best studied. Results of toxicity tests for all compounds are summarized in Figure 2. Values for all but one test on the octyltins have been set at the solubility of the compounds, since no toxicity was observed below the solubilities; derivation of PNECs for the octyltins are, therefore, more precautionary than for the other compounds.
8 Morton International, Inc. 0 Morton International, Inc. 69 Walsh et al. 1 Huang et al. (1993) Green alga (Scenedesmus subspicatus) DMTC 96-h EC50 (growth rate) 37 37 Oldersma et al. 1 Oldersma et al. 03 Green alga (Selenastrum capricornutum) DMT(EHMA) 96-h EC50 (growth rate) 260 103 Ward et al. 6 Ward et al. 6 Wong et al. (1982) Vighi & Calamari (1985) Hooftman & de Wolf (2003a) Steinhäuser et al. (1985) Marine Dimethyltin Freshwater 34 Steinhäuser et al. 9 Reference Green alga (Ankistrodesmus falcatus) DMTC 24-h EC50 (primary productivity) Wong et al.