By J. Newton Friend
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If the pressure is increased the volume of dissolved nitrogen increases proportionately, though it takes several hours for equilibrium to be reached. If, therefore, the diver is decompressed too rapidly by being brought swiftly to the surface, nitrogen is released from and bubbles collect in the blood stream; the diver becomes black in the face due to oxygen shortage for the heart cannot drive the bubbles through the blood vessels owing to their enormous resistance. The remedy is to lower again when the bubbles redissolve.
In conjunction with hydrogen and acetylene the gas is used to attain high temperatures for metal cutting and welding. Oxygen is used in bleaching, in the oxidation and thickening of oils, etc, and in the preparation of ozone. The isotopy of oxygen has proved valuable in certain academic studies. For example using water containing the (18) isotope, O 25 THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS H 18O, has been shown that, in the hydrolysis of esters with caustic soda, fission occurs at the C atom. OEt /O-fEt RC RC and not V) Ozone Ozone "condensed" form of oxygen containing three atoms 1785 van Marum drew attention to the fact that the air in the neighbourhood of an electrical machine in action possesses a peculiar odour.
News, 1910, 101, 25, 37, 50, 73. fBERTHOLLET suggested this in 1785, Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1785, p. 276. *For see t 46 THE HALOGENS scheme, according to which all acids, even muriatic acid itself, contained oxygen, the "acid producer". Oxymuriatic acid thus bore the same relation to muriatic acid as sulphuric to sulphurqus. It was Davy* who, in 1810, showed conclusively that chlorine is an element. He passed hydrogen chloride over metallic potassium and found that only the metal chloride and pure hydrogen were produced.