By John Laycock, Karim Meeran

This cutting edge textbook offers a readable, modern and completely built-in advent to endocrine glands, their hormones and the way their functionality pertains to homeostasis. It explores the pathology of endocrine ailment via bearing on the underpinning technology via a wealth of scientific situations and examples. The publication integrates uncomplicated and medical points for more than a few endocrine glands and their hormones and Read more...

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This cutting edge textbook offers a readable, modern and completely built-in creation to endocrine glands, their hormones and the way their functionality pertains to homeostasis. It explores the Read more...

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Various other molecules, such as recognition and anchoring proteins, play an important role in the intracellular transport process of vesicles. 9 Diagram illustrating the current view that the vesicle containing hormone molecules is ‘trafficked’ down the microtubule towards the plasma membrane which is reached following the depolymerisation of the F-actin mesh lying underneath it. g. the plasma membrane). These are called soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs, where NSF is N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein).

Internal feedback In addition to the control loops linking ‘effect’ to hormone via the general circulation, there is considerable regulation within the cells of an endocrine gland. We have already seen how the endocrine cell itself acts as an integrator of probably many different signals arriving at that cell at any given moment. This implies considerable intracellular regulation at various levels, including synthesis, storage, removal or release of the hormone. Furthermore, the target cell has many ways of regulating its response to the hormone, including receptor synthesis, recycling or removal, as well as the intracellular control of the activated second messenger systems.

In all cases, under normal conditions, the induced change in environment is such that conditions allowing the positive feedback to develop in the first place are ultimately cancelled, and the effect is lost. 19 Diagram illustrating (left) the principle of positive feedback between two endocrine glands (C on B) by which hormone c sensitises endocrine gland B to the effect of stimulatory hormone a from endocrine gland A, and (right) the example of positive feedback by ovarian oestradiol on the anterior pituitary.

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