By Kirschning A.
Content material: Polymeric helps for the immobilisation of catalysts / R. Haag, S. curler -- Non-covalently solid-phase sure catalysts for natural synthesis / J. Horn ... [et al.] -- contemporary development in polymeric palladium catalysts for natural synthesis / Y. Uozumi -- functions of catalysts and soluble helps / D.E. Bergbreiter, J. Li -- Microwave-assisted synthesis regarding immobilized catalysts / B. Desai, C.O. Kappe -- functions of immobilized catalysts in non-stop circulation strategies / A. Kirschning, G. Jas -- Immobilized catalysts in commercial learn and alertness / N. finish, K.-U. Schöning -- Immobilized biocatalysts in commercial examine and construction / N. finish, K.-U. Schöning
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Meanwhile, many different applications using SAPC have appeared in the literature, which are summarized in the following sections in more detail. Recently, the principle of SAPC was extended to ionic liquid films on silica gel, in which polar catalysts were immobilized. 1 C–C Coupling Reactions One of the most versatile methods for C–C bondformation is Pd-mediated C–C coupling. These reactions are widely used on the laboratory scale as well as in industrial processes. 46 J. Horn et al. Fig. 1 Heck Reaction The Heck reaction of iodobenzene and methyl acrylate was successfully applied under SAPC conditions (Scheme 1) [5].
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Margerum and coworkers compared PAMAM dendrimer and hyperbranched PEI-based Co complexes with different ligands for the catalytic hydrolysis of phosphate esters [134]. They concluded that the hydrophilic PAMAM structure is responsible for the reactivity differences observed between PEI- and PAMAM-based systems. Since the location of the Co(II) complexes is at the periphery of the dendrimer, this leads to more homogeneous and accessible catalytic sites compared to PEI. The random distribution of amine reactive sites could lead to many different microenvironments, which may lead to Polymeric Supports for the Immobilisation of Catalysts 37 inactive catalytic sites, to sites with different binding properties, or to sites with different metal aqua/hydroxo equilibria.