By Myoung An

This self-contained ebook develops idea and algorithms resulting in systematic series layout in time-frequency house. the first instrument used is the Zak rework, which supplies sparse illustration for the Fourier remodel, convolution, and correlation. utilizing this multi-dimensional illustration, the authors build a wide classification of series units pleasant pairwise excellent correlation. The complicated algebraic research of sequences is changed through a sublime and effective geometric research of pictures, whose virtue is learned as an N to N! elevate within the variety of excellent series sets.

Topics and features:

* Mathematical improvement of the idea is illustrated with many examples.

* normal communique concept and Zak area tools are numerically compared.

* software components lined comprise pulse radar and sonar, multi-beam radar and sonar imaging platforms, distant identity of dielectrics, and code department multiple-access communication.

* heritage is equipped in introductory chapters on matrix algebra, tensor items, and permutation groups.

* an inventory of open difficulties is gifted and instructions for extra examine are discussed.

Ideal series layout in Time-Frequency Space is a wonderful reference textual content for graduate scholars, researchers, and engineers attracted to radar, sonar, and conversation structures. The paintings can also be used as a supplementary textbook for a graduate path or seminar on series layout in time-frequency space.

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Additional resources for Ideal Sequence Design in Time-Frequency Space: Applications to Radar, Sonar, and Communication Systems

Sample text

As a result, the Fourier expansion of sequences of period N in terms of the exponential sequences can be replaced by expansions in terms of shifts of unit discrete chirps of period N . Under the usual identification between CN and the space of sequences of period N , we identify vectors x ∈ CN with sequences x of period N . 2 If xu is a unit discrete chirp in CN , then xu satisfies ideal autocorrelation. 1, N −1 (xu ◦ xu )(k) = xu (n)x∗u (n − k) = x∗u (−k) n=0 N −1 e2πi ukn N . n=0 Because (u, N ) = 1, the summation vanishes, unless k = 0, in which case it equals N , proving xu satisfies ideal autocorrelation.

The interleaving transform of higher order shifts can be found by iteration, leading to the following result. 1 For x ∈ CN k M SN x = SxK−k · · · SxK−1 x0 · · · xK−k−1 , K M SN x = SM x and k M k+mK x = S m M SN x , 0 ≤ k < K, 0 ≤ m < L. Shifts are the building blocks of convolution and correlation. 1 will be generalized to Zak space and in Chapter 8 this generalization is used to give a Zak space realization of convolution and correlation. 4 Finite Fourier Transform F = F (N ), S = SN , R = RN and D = DN .

46 5 Convolution and Correlation F1 ∗ F1 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 −20 −20 −40 −40 −60 −80 −60 10 20 30 40 50 −80 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 F1 ∗a F1 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 −20 −20 −40 −40 −60 −80 −60 20 40 60 80 100 120 −80 20 real part 40 60 80 100 120 imaginary part Fig. 7. F = F (64), convolution and acyclic convolution The acyclic correlation is defined in a similar way. Define the sequence u by L−1 x(l)y ∗ (l − n + K − 1), u(n) = n ∈ Z. l=0 If n < 0, then l − n + K ≥ K, 0 ≤ l < L, and un = 0, and if n ≥ N , then l − n + K − 1 < 0, 0 ≤ l < L, and un = 0.

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