By Ronald W. Dudek

High-Yield Gastrointestinal Tract is the 5th in a sequence of High-Yield Systems books by way of a best-selling clinical textbook writer that disguise the elemental sciences of the scientific university curriculum utilizing a systems-based strategy. This procedure is helping scholars combine their first years' path fabric and gives first-class training for USMLE Step 1 and scientific rotations.

Chapters overview every one easy science—embryology, gross anatomy, radiology, histology, body structure, pathology, microbiology, and pharmacology—as it pertains to all of the organs alongside the gastrointestinal tract. The ebook is replete with radiographs, CT and MRI scans, and micrographs of ordinary tissue and pathologic stipulations.

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Extra info for High-Yield Gastrointestinal Tract (1st Edition) (High-Yield Series)

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E. Sliding Hiatal Hernia occurs when the stomach along with the gastroesophageal junction herniates through the diaphragm into the thorax. , heartburn) which are accentuated in the supine position. F. Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia occurs when only the stomach herniates through the diaphragm into the thorax. Clinical findings include no reflux of gastric contents but strangulation or obstruction may occur. G. Esophageal Varices refer to the dilated subepithelial and submucosal venous plexuses of the esophagus that drain into the left gastric (coronary) vein.

Neuronal cell bodies located in the nucleus ambiguus send axons that run in CN X (recurrent laryngeal nerves) and enter the esophageal plexus. These axons terminate on the closing muscles of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES; inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the cricopharyngeus muscle) and the esophageal skeletal muscle. Sympathetic. Preganglionic neuronal cell bodies are located in the intermediolat- eral cell column of the spinal cord (T5 to T9). Preganglionic axons form the greater splanchnic nerve.

B) Arterial supply of the large intestine. pelvic diaphragm. The rectum contains three transverse rectal folds (Houston valves) formed by the mucosa, submucosa, and inner circular layer of smooth muscle that permanently extend into the lumen of the rectum to support the fecal mass. The teniae coli, haustra, and epiploic appendages are not present in the rectum. B. Vasculature of the Rectum 1. Arterial supply. The arterial supply of the rectum is from the superior rectal artery (abdominal aorta → inferior mesenteric artery → superior rectal artery), middle rectal artery (abdominal aorta → common iliac artery → internal iliac artery → middle rectal artery), and inferior rectal artery (abdominal aorta → common iliac artery → internal iliac artery → internal pudendal artery → inferior rectal artery).

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