By Céline Surprenant

Freud's Mass Psychology examines one of many key innovations within the concept of the psyche. Surprenant treats it as an epistemological factor instead of solely as a socio-political factor. concentrating on this ignored inspiration permits the writer to elevate anew the query of the "application" of psychoanalysis, past a mechanistic figuring out of this time period and of Freud's writings. This examine brings jointly vital issues linked to psychoanalysis, contemporary French philosophy, and political thought.

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200). The problem is circumvented by the hypothesis of the ‘contactbarriers’ [Kontaktschranken] and of ‘facilitation’ [Bahnung] as a principle of resistance. Turning to Freud will help us to explain briefly what is at issue under these headings. ‘The Project’ establishes that ‘neuronal excitation [can be described] as quantity [Qn] in a state of flow’ (p. 47 The orientation of all nervous activity towards discharge is called the primary function. If the functioning of the nervous system is Psychoanalytic Concepts 29 characterized by the ‘trend to inertia’, when it is faced with what Freud calls the ‘exigencies of life’ or the ‘endogenous stimuli’ – which bring about ‘the major needs: hunger, respiration, sexuality’ – it must put up with [maintaining] a store of Qn sufficient to meet the demand for a specific action [an act by virtue of which the major needs can be appeased]’ (‘The Project’, p.

And the interplay of cathexes, anticathexes and hypercathexes’ (pp. 32–3). Each of these last three terms give rise to a separate entry, and the optical metaphor, the idea of psychical locality, as well as of the reflex-arc are developed more fully in the entry ‘topography’. There are however some uncertainties concerning the status which should be ascribed to Freud’s borrowings: ‘à plus d’une reprise, Freud continue à chercher, sinon des correspondances précises, du moins des analogies, ou peut-être des métaphores, dans la structure spatiale du système nerveux’ (p.

21). Yet, the question of metaphoricity, which dominates the earlier essay, is strangely omitted from the discussion. 40 Leaving aside the remark concerning the way in which Freud describes the opposition between primary and secondary processes as a ‘theoretical fiction’ (p. 203), ‘La Différance’ curiously invokes the conceptions on the basis of which Derrida credits Freud with a thought of différance independently from the ‘syntax’ or the ‘labour’ of Freudian discourse, from its ‘metaphoric investment’.

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