By R. L. Vollum, D. G. Jamison, C. S. Cummins
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Additional resources for Fairbrother's Textbook of Bacteriology
Sample text
ALCOHOL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS Ethyl alcohol is quite actively bactericidal against vegetative bacteria, although completely inactive against spores, which have been shown to survive unharmed in it for periods of several years. Alcohol is generally used in the form of methylated spirits, and there is a good deal of evidence t h a t 70 per cent spirit in water is the most effective bactericidal concentration. g. isopropyl alcohol also have bactericidal activity but have been little used. Formaldehyde (HCHO), an irritating gas, is a derivative of methyl alcohol (CH 3 OH).
The asbestos pads are available in varying diameters (up to 14 cm) and usually in two grades of porosity, " K " for clarifying and " E K " for removing bacteria. The pads are discarded after use, so t h a t the problem of cleaning does not arise. Sintered g l a s s filters. These are made in the form of discs by heating pulverized glass in a mould to a temperature just below its melting point. This causes the glass particles to adhere, leaving pores between them. They are available in a variety of porosities from 00 (coarsest) to 5/3 which will remove most bacteria, although it may not be effective with slender organisms such as cholera vibrios or leptospira.
If young actively growing cells are transferred to fresh medium which has been warmed to optimum temperature, then there may be virtually no lag in growth. On the other hand if cells from an old culture are inoculated into cold medium which warms up only slowly, then the lag phase may last for 8-10 hr. (b) Logarithmic phase. This is the phase of rapid and steady multiplication. The name derives from the fact that during this phase a straight line graph is obtained if the logarithm of the number of organisms is plotted against time (see Fig.