By S.M. Burkinshaw
Synthetic fibres are established for lots of purposes, with their color being of significant advertisement significance. This largely referenced publication offers a finished account of the actual chemistry of the dyeing of artificial fibres and microfibres.
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Bird and the Society of Dyers and Colourists) 28 CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES OF SYNTHETIC FIBRE DYEING dispersing agent lowered the exhaustion of the dyes on cellulose diacetate to an extent that was proportional to the degree of solubilisation affected. In later work, this author [173] demonstrated that the exhaustion of several commercial disperse dyes on cellulose diacetate at 80 c C decreased with increasing concentration of sodium 1-0Ieyl-4-anisidine-2-sulphonate and that the equilibrium partition coefficient of CI Disperse Red 1 on secondary cellulose acetate at 80 a C decreased with increasing concentration of the pure dispersing agent [173].
In support of this 'film' theory, Millson [227] observed the presence of droplets of pphenylphenol on the surface of PET fibres. Herlinger et al. [212], using CI Disperse Blue 139 and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as carrier, obtained microscopical evidence that dye-saturated carrier droplets were deposited on POLYESTER 45 the surface of PET fibres at temperatures up to 50°C; at higher temperatures the droplets assumed a flatter configuration and eventually resulted in the presence of a dye-saturated film.
Several workers have shown that the adsorption of disperse dyes by various several fibres is accompanied by a negative entropy change [17, 83, 87, 90, 180]. 8) in the context of the various enthalpy terms relevant to dyeing as first described by Majury [87] in a study of the nature of the interaction between disperse dyes and cellulose acetate. Majury's initial study, involving the adsorption of five model disperse compounds on cellulose diacetate, which, as discussed by Peters [17], was subsequently enlarged [90, 181], concerned the determination of three enthalpy terms namely, the standard heats of dissolution of the solid dye in water (AHOs w ), dyeing (AHO WF ) and dissolution of the solid dye in the fibre (AHOSF).