By E Schragenheim
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Additional info for Challenge Your Thinking On Theory Of Constraints (Toc) Accounting
Sample text
Most states allow unlisted companies a choice, although Germany requires national GAAP for all individual company statements and for the group statements of unlisted companies. This situation is likely to evolve in different ways. National rules are likely to change to become more like IFRS anyway. The IASB has issued in 2009 an IFRS for Small and Medium-sized entities. This is a simplified form of IFRS that is intended for use with companies in which there is no ‘public interest’ (primarily are not listed on a public stock exchange).
In stating the basis on which their accounts are prepared, European listed companies are required to specify that they have followed ‘IFRS as endorsed by the EU’. This creates a number of problems, not least with the US. The SEC has approved for use in the US without a reconciliation only IFRS as issued by the IASB. To qualify as equivalent to US GAAP the company must state that it follows IFRS as issued by the IASB, and the audit report must confirm this. UK companies are quite relaxed about this, they just say that their statements comply with IFRS as endorsed by the EU and IFRS as issued by the IASB, and they do not apply the EU carve out (which mostly only affects banks anyway).
Since 2009 there has been a geographical requirement in addition to that of technical expertise. Although the IASB has full discretion over its technical agenda, it would normally form working groups or other forms of specialist advisory groups to give advice on major projects. It can outsource detailed research or other work to national standard-setters. A key element of its strategy has been to converge its standards with those of the United States. This process involves significant change to US rules as well as an evolution of IASB rules.