By Elizabeth Armstrong
Whilst printing first started, a brand new ebook instantly fell into the general public area upon book. just a detailed legislation or privilegium enacted by way of a reliable authority may possibly shield it from being reprinted with out the consent of the writer or writer. Such privileges for books are attested earlier than 1480, yet in Germany and Italy their efficacy used to be constrained to a comparatively small zone by means of the political fragmentation of the rustic. throughout the 1480s and 1490s France turned one in every of Europe's major centres of publication creation and, as festival intensified, privileges have been sought there from 1498. even though privileges have been to last up to the Ancien R?gime, the interval to 1526 is the least-known level in their improvement and an important. such a lot privilege-holders published the total textual content in their supply, and so on a precis.
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All Letters Patent issued by the royal chancery went out in the king's . 1 ' 2 name For the activity of Garbot in the Milan chancery there is evidence starting with a document signed by him in Milan on 26 October 1499 (Pelissier, Les sources milanaises, p. 5); for that of Gedoyn, a document signed by him in Milan on 12 July 1501 (ibid. p. 16). 20. See below, p. 36. 25 PRIVILEGE-GRANTING AUTHORITIES IN FRANCE in principle they emanated from him. It may indeed be assumed that the very first requests for privileges from authors and publishers entailed a decision by the king in person.
Eustace and had a special printer's mark made for in sixteen of his books, use in some of these (see Plate i). g. CH 1512, i). Thus over 150 books may have appeared during this period under grants from the royal 5; 1512, 9). privileges chancery. All these privileges were granted in response to a petition. The initiative the authors and the publishers. But the king and his chancery were not unprepared for the demand when it came. The chancery was constantly came from dealing with applications for royal favours, such as petitions for naturalisation, and could readily adapt its forms to a new kind of concession.
N 4"), after the end of the text and the colophon. It reads (contractions resolved): 'Cum privilegio. Vetitum est per edictum sub sigillo cancellariatus ne quis in septennio hoc insigne opus imprimat vel aliorum ductu impensis venditet in universitate Oxonie: aut infra precinctum eiusdem: sub pena amissionis omnium librorum et privilege is printed on the last page (f. ' Oxford, 1518, 4". Bodl. yG (STC 6458). 10 THE PAPACY the Dauphin of France, 'cum priuilegio a rege indulto, ne intra biennium in regno Angliae imprimat, aut alibi hanc orationem quis et importatam in codem regno Angliae vendat'.