By Frederic Geurts

This self-contained monograph is an built-in learn of wide-spread structures outlined by way of iterated family utilizing the 2 paradigms of abstraction and composition. This contains the complexity of a few state-transition platforms and improves realizing of complicated or chaotic phenomena rising in a few dynamical platforms. the most insights and result of this paintings situation a structural type of complexity bought through composition of straightforward interacting platforms representing hostile attracting behaviors. This complexity is expressed within the evolution of composed platforms (their dynamics) and within the family among their preliminary and ultimate states (the computation they realize). The theoretical effects are tested by means of reading dynamical and computational homes of low-dimensional prototypes of chaotic platforms, high-dimensional spatiotemporally complicated platforms, and formal structures.

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This leads to five classes that we structure in order to clearly isolate the class of most complex behaviors. A conjecture, obtained by simulation means, stated that complex cellular automata could be obtained by disjunction of shifting behaviors [49]. By compositional analysis and using additional complexity measures, we confirm the conjecture. Chapter 9 examines computational properties of three classical systems by compositional analysis: Turing machines, cellular automata and continuous real functions are ordered in a strict hierarchy, which becomes an equivalence if we consider some limitations on systems (finite memory, finite computation time, approximations).

A very important type of set we will use is based on three definitions given above [96]. 28 (Cantor set). A Cantor set is a closed, totally disconnected, perfect set. 29 (Cantor middle-thirds set). We consider [0, 1]. Let us remove the open interval ( 13 , 23 ). From the remaining intervals, we remove the middle thirds ( 19 , 29 ) and ( 79 , 89 ), and repeat this process ad infinitum. The result is the famous Cantor middle-thirds set (see Fig. 4). . Fig. 4. Iterative construction of Cantor’s middle-thirds set: recursive elimination of middle thirds intervals Finally, relations are assumed to be closed subsets of the Cartesian space where they are defined.

Finite conjunctivity ∧ or-continuity ⇒ and-continuity. In case of our set-transformers, we get or-continuity for free. 39 (Universal disjunctivity, or-continuity). Let (X, f ) be a RDS, then the corresponding set-transformer is or-continuous, and even universally disjunctive. Proof. Given Def. 12, we have f (∪i Ai ) = ∪i f (Ai ). Contrarily, we get and-continuity if and only if the nondeterminism of the relation is bounded, that is, each relation is finite. In [284], it is proved that bounded nondeterminism is a necessary and sufficient condition for andcontinuity.

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